Fraser Fir

• Davis, B., (2009). Elongate hemlock scale, balsam twig aphid, and balsam woolly adelgid in North Carolina Fraser fir. In Ninth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 92-96.
• Newton, L., Hain, F., and Frampton, J. (2009). Host resistance screening for balsam woolly adelgid: Early results from 13 fir species. In Ninth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 96-99.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2009). Balsam woolly adelgid: History of a pest. Limbs & Needles 36(2): 16-20.
• Williams, J. L. (2008). Predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2007). Cinara aphids – a real catch 22. Limbs & Needles 34(1): 16-17, 19.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2007). The 2007 pest management survey. Limbs & Needles 34(2): 14-17.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2007). The 2007 pest management survey. Limbs & Needles 34(3): 15-18.
• Morris, C. R. (2005). Applications of metabolic profiling in the study of wood formation. PhD thesis. North Carolina State University.
• Potter, K., Frampton, J., and Sidebottom, J. (2005). Impacts of balsam woolly adelgid on the Southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem and the North Carolina Christmas Tree Industry. In Third Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States, February 1-3, 2005, Renaissance Asheville Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina. Conference Proceedings: 25-41.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2005). Elongate hemlock scale: It’s not the end of the world. Limbs & Needles 32(1): 6-7.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2005). It’s beginning to look a lot like – Aphids? Dealing with the media and other problems associated with Cinara aphids. Limbs & Needles 32(2): 11, 17.
• Sidebottom, J. R., and Hundley, D. (2005). Part 1: Troubles with twig aphids. Limbs & Needles 32(3): 17-18.
• Sidebottom, J. R., and Hundley, D. (2005). Part 2: Troubles with twig aphids precision twig aphid control. Limbs & Needles 32(4): 20-22.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2004). Pest update 2004. Limbs & Needles 31(2): 16-17.
• Emerson, J., Frampton, J., and Hain, F. (2003). Bark responses of Fraser fir to balsam woolly adelgid infestation.In Sixth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 125-126.
• Moody, J. T., and Leidy, R. (2003). Pesticide exposure study for a hand-operated, metered, closed-system applicator for Di-Syston (disulfoton) in Fraser fir production in western North Carolina. Limbs & Needles 30(3):
  13-14.
• Moody, J. T., and Sidebottom, J. R. (2003). The Di-Syston project: Development of a hand operated metered closed system application for Christmas tree producers in western North Carolina. In Sixth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 44-49.
• Potter, K., and Frampton, J. (2003). Fraser fir: a ‘natural’ Christmas tree threatened in its native stands. American Christmas Tree Journal, 47(5), 22-28.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2003). Pest management control in Christmas trees grown in the southern Appalachians. In Sixth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 51-58.
• Vance, J., and Sidebottom, J. R. (2003). Evaluating grub control products. In Sixth International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO: 132-133.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2002). The 2001 pest management survey. Limbs & Needles 29(1): 8-9.
• Wallace, M.S. and Hain, F. P. (2002). Summary of native and established predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid and the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in the southeastern United States. Pp.141-149. In B. Onken, R. Reardon and J. Lashomb. Proceedings: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States Symposium. Rutgers. 403 pp.
• Fowler, G., Zhang, J., Hain, F. P., and Manville, J. M. (2001). The distribution pattern of two juvenile hormone related compounds in Fraser fir and the induced response to a balsam woolly adelgid infestation. Can. J. For. Res. 31(10):1701-1707.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (2000). Scouting for the balsam twig aphid. Limbs & Needles 27(2): 5, 8.
• Sidebottom, J. R. (1998). Rust mite revisited. Limbs & Needles 15(1): 5.
• O’Reilly, S. E. (1997). Distribution, dispersal, and host response to the rosette bud mite, Trisetacus fraseri Amrine (Acari: Phyoptidae), an eriophyoid pest of Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret. MS thesis, North Carolina State University.
• Hollingsworth, R. G. and Hain, F. P. (1994). Balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae): effects on growth and abnormal wood production in Fraser fir seedlings as influenced by seedling genetics, insect source, and soil source. Can. J. For. Res. 24(11): 2284-2294.
• Hollingsworth, R. G. and Hain, F. P. (1994). Effect of drought stress and infestation by the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on abnormal wood production in Fraser fir. Can. J. For. Res. 24(11):2295-2297.
• Hinesley, L. E., and Snelling, L. K. (1993). Gamma radiation unpromising as an insect quarantine treatment for Fraser fir branches. HortScience 28(11): 1109-1110.
• Hollingsworth, R. G., and Hain, F. P. (1992). Balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) effects on wood and bark structure of Fraser fir and silver fir. Environ. Entomol. 21(5): 1103-1109.
• Hollingsworth, R. G., Blum, U., and Hain, F. P. (1991). The effect of adelgid-altered wood on sapwood conductance of Fraser fir Christmas trees. Iawa Bulletin 12(3): 235-239.
• Mangini, A. C., Jr., and Hain, F. P. (1991). Vapor pressure deficit differentially affects laboratory populations of Metaseiulus occidentalis and Neoseiulus fallacis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) reared together. Environ. Entomol. 20(3):823-831.
• Hollingsworth, R. G., and Hain, F. P. (1991). Balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) and spruce-fir decline in the southern Appalachians: Assessing pest relevance in a damaged ecosystem. Florida Entomologist 74:179-187.
• Hollingsworth, R. G. (1990). Influence of the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on Fraser fir growth, bark structure, and abnormal wood production. Thesis, North Carolina State University.
• Kramer, D. A., and Hain, F. P. (1989). Effect of constant- and variable-humidity and temperature regimes on the survival and developmental periods of Oligonychus ununguis (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus fallacis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol. 18(5): 741-746.
• Hain, F.P. (1988). The balsam woolly adelgid in North America. In: A. A. Berryman (ed.) Dynamics of forest insect populations: Patterns, causes, implications. New York: Plenum. pp. 87-109.
• Kard, B. M., Hain, F. P., and Brooks, W. M. (1988). Field suppression of three white grub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis heliothidis. J. Econ. Entomol 81(4): 1033-1039.
• Kard, B. M., and Hain, F. P. (1988). Influence of ground covers on white grub (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae) populations and their feeding damage to roots of Fraser fir Christmas trees in the southern Appalachians. Environ. Entomol. 17(1): 63-66.
• Mangini, A. C. (1988). Phytoseiidae (Acarina) as predators of the spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on Fraser fir in western North Carolina: The influence of temperature, vapor pressure deficit and ground cover. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University.
• Arthur, F. H., and Hain, F. P. (1987). Influence of balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on monoterpenes found in bark and sapwood of Fraser fir. Environ. Entomol. 16(3): 712-715.
• Kard, B. M. (1987). Seasonal history, effects, and control of white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation in the southern Appalachians. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University.
• Kard, B. M., and Hain, F. P. (1987). White grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) densities, weed control practices, and root damage to Fraser fir Christmas trees in the southern Appalachians. J. Econ. Entomol. 80(5): 1072-1075.
• Arthur, F. H., and Hain, F. P. (1986). Water potential of Fraser fir infested with balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Environ. Entomol. 15(4): 911.
• Hastings, F. L., Hain, F. P., Mangini, A., and Huxster, W. T. (1986). Control of the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations. J. Econ. Entomol. 79(6): 1676-1680.
• Arthur, F. H., and Hain, F. P. (1984). Seasonal history of the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in natural stands and plantations of Fraser fir. J. Econ. Entomol. 77(5): 1154-1158.
• Boyne, J. V. and Hain, F. P. (1983). Effects of constant temperature, relative humidity, and simulated rainfall on development and survival of the spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis). Can. Ent. 115(1): 93-105.
• Boyne, J. V. and Hain, F. P. (1983). Responses of Neoseiulus fallacis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to the different prey densities of Oligonychus ununguis (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and to different relative humidity regimes. Can. Ent. 115(12): 1607-1614.
• Nettleton, W. A. and Hain, F. P. (1982). The life history, foliage damage, and control of the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus (Homoptera: aphididae), in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations of western North Carolina. Can. Ent. 114(2): 155-165.
• Nettleton, W. A., Hain, F. P, and Monroe, R. J. (1978). Field evaluations of acaricides for control of Oligonychus ununguis in Fraser fir plantations. J. Econ. Entomol. 71(1). 113-114.

Insect and Mite Management: Other Species

• Sidebottom, J. R. (2008). Survey of eastern Christmas tree growers. Limbs & Needles 35(4): 12-13.
• Highsmith, M. T., Frampton, J., O’Malley, D., Richmond, J., and Webb, M. (2001). Susceptibility of parent and interspecific F1 hybrid pine trees to tip moth damage in a coastal North Carolina planting. Can. J. For. Res. 31(5), 919-92.